Biotechnology covers companies developing and marketing biologic and other novel medicines, from global franchises to single-program research companies. MoatScope covers 523 companies here, the largest industry in the universe. Four have a wide moat, 57 a narrow moat and 461 none, because most of the industry is still in the clinic without an approved product.
How the industry makes money
Commercial biotechs earn high margins on approved medicines protected by patents and regulatory exclusivity. Clinical-stage companies have little or no revenue: they fund research by raising capital and signing partnerships, and their value rests on trial results and approvals. Many of the most successful end up acquired by larger drugmakers.
Where the moats are
Intangible assets, meaning patents, approvals and the know-how to discover and manufacture complex medicines, appear in 59 of the 61 moat-rated companies. Switching costs appear in 22, because patients who are stable on a therapy rarely change it, and efficient scale in eight, where a rare disease supports only one or two treatments.
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals: it effectively created and owns the market for disease-modifying cystic fibrosis treatment.
- Regeneron: a research engine that has repeatedly turned its science into approved, protected medicines.
- Amgen: one of the world's largest biotech companies, with biologic medicines across inflammation, oncology, cardiovascular disease, bone health and rare diseases.
- AbbVie: an immunology franchise long anchored by Humira, now carried by its next-generation immunology drugs.
The narrow-moat group includes Gilead, Biogen, Incyte, Alnylam, argenx, BeOne Medicines, Moderna and Zai Lab. The 461 companies without a moat are overwhelmingly clinical-stage, including well-known names such as Roivant, BridgeBio and Summit Therapeutics.
What wears moats down
Patent expiries open the door to biosimilars, trial failures can wipe out a pipeline, and pricing pressure from governments and insurers limits returns. Crowded drug classes erode pricing even while patents hold, and clinical-stage companies depend on funding markets staying open.
What the quality scores say
The wide-moat companies score between 59 and 78 on MoatScope's quality scale, led by Vertex. The industry averages 20, the result of hundreds of companies with no revenue yet.
What to watch
- Late-stage trial results and approval decisions.
- Patent timelines and biosimilar competition.
- Funding conditions for clinical-stage companies.
- Acquisitions by larger drugmakers.
Moat ratings and quality scores on this page update as companies report. Price versus fair value for every company in the industry is in the screener.